Life is too Short, to Wait : Softskill Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 2

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE, SIMPLE CONTINOUS TENSE,

SIMPLE PAST TENSE, SUBJECT VERB AGREEMENT AND PRONOUN

A. Simple Present Tense

The simple present or present simple is one of the verb forms associated with the present tense in modern English. It is commonly referred to as a tense, although it also encodes certain information about aspect in addition to present time.

We use the present tense include the example :

1. For repeated or regular actions in the present time period.

· I take the train to the office.

· The train to Berlin leaves every hour.

· John sleeps eight hours every night during the week.

2. For facts.

· The President of The USA lives in The White House.

· A dog has four legs.

· We come from Switzerland.

3. For habits.

· I get up early every day.

· Carol brushes her teeth twice a day.

· They travel to their country house every weekend.

4. For things that are always / generally true.

· It rains a lot in winter.

· The Queen of England lives in Buckingham Palace.

· They speak English at work.

B. Simple Continous Tense

The simple continuous tense is commonly used in English for actions happening right now, or in the future. This page will explain the rules for forming the tense with regular verbs.

When to use The Simple Continuous Tens

1. We use the Present Continuous Tense to talk about activities happening now.

Examples
   The kids are watching TV.
   I am sitting down, because I am tired.
   I am not learning German, because this is an English class.
   Who are you writing to?

2. We can also use the Simple Continuous Tense to talk about activities happening around now, and not necessarily this very moment.

Examples
   Sally is studying really hard for her exams this week.
   I am reading a really interesting book now.
   How are you brushing up on your English for the trip?
   We aren't working hard these days.

3. The Simple Continuous Tense is also used to talk about activities happening in the near future, especially for planned future events.

Examples
   I am seeing my dentist on Wednesday.
   Polly is coming for dinner tomorrow.
   Are you doing anything tonight?
   We aren't going on holiday next week.

C. Simple Past Tense
The simple past is used to talk about a completed action in a time before now. Duration is not important. The time of the action can be in the recent past or the distant past.

1. When you mention a time in the past:-

For example:

"Last year I took my exams."

"I got married in 1992."

2. It can be used to describe events that happened over a period of time in the past but not now.

For example:

"I lived in South Africa for two years."

3. The simple past tense is also used to talk about habitual or repeated actions that took place in the past.

For example:

"When I was a child we always went to the seaside on bank holidays."

4. It can sometimes be confusing.

For example:

"She had a baby last year." (She hasn't lost the baby, but here you are talking about the actual process of giving birth.)

D. Past Continous
The past continuous describes actions or events in a time before now, which began in the past and is still going on at the time of speaking. In other words, it expresses an unfinished or incomplete action in the past.

We use the past continuous

1. for something which continued before and after another action:

2. This use of the past continuous is very common at the beginning of a story:

3. for something that happened before and after a particular time

4. to show that something continued for some time:

5. for something that was happening again and again:

Example :

They were laughing at the joker

He was taking exam last month

You waiting for him yesterday

She was working in a factory.

It was raining yesterday.

E. SUBJECT VERB AGREEMENT

Subject verb agreement refers to the fact that the subject and verb in a sentence must agree in number. In other words, they both must be singular or they both must be plural. You can’t have a singular subject with a plural verb or vice versa. The tricky part is in knowing the singular and plural forms of subjects and verbs.

We Use Subject Verb Agreement

1. When two singular subjects are joined by the words or or nor a singular verb is in order.

My sister or my brother is meeting you at the airport.

2. Two singular subjects joined by either/or or neither/nor also need a singular verb.

Neither Carla nor Jeff is available to meet you at the airport.

3. When the word and connects two or more nouns or pronouns, use a plural verb.

She and her family are at Disney World.

4. When a compound subject contains both a singular and a plural noun or pronoun joined by or or nor, the verb should agree with the part of the subject that is nearer the verb.

The athlete or his teammates sprint every day.

His teammates or the athlete sprints every day.

5. When a phrase comes between the subject and verb, the verb has to agree with the subject, not with the noun or pronoun in the phrase.

Two of the puppies are whimpering.

The birthday boy, along with his friends, is anxious for the party to stop.

F. PRONOUN

Pronoun is defined as a word or phrase that may be substituted for a noun or noun phrase, which once replaced, is known as the pronoun’s antecedent. How is this possible? In a nutshell, it’s because pronouns can do everything that nouns can do. A pronoun can act as a subject, direct object, indirect object, object of the preposition, and more.

Pronouns can be divided into numerous categories including:

· Indefinite pronouns – those referring to one or more unspecified objects, beings, or places

· Personal pronouns – those associated with a certain person, thing, or group; all except you have distinct forms that indicate singular or plural number

· Reflexive pronouns – those preceded by the adverb, adjective, pronoun, or noun to which they refer, and ending in –self or –selves

· Demonstrative pronouns – those used to point to something specific within a sentence

· Possessive pronouns – those designating possession or ownership

· Relative pronouns – those which refer to nouns mentioned previously, acting to introduce an adjective (relative) clause

· Interrogative pronouns – those which introduce a question

Examples, the pronouns are italicized.

1. We are going on vacation.

2. Don’t tell me that you can’t go with us.

3. Anybody who says it won’t be fun has no clue what they are talking about.

4. These are terribly steep stairs.

5. We ran into each other at the mall.

6. I’m not sure which is worse: rain or snow